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Assoc. Prof. Wiroon Sriborrirux, Founder of Advance Innovation Center (AIC) and Bangsaen Design House (BDH), Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University

On this page
  • Primitive Data Types
  • Data type modifiers

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  1. C/C++ for Embedded Programming
  2. Principle C/C++ Programming

signed and unsigned data types

Primitive Data Types

ประเภทตัวแปรพื้นฐานในภาษา C++ มีดังนี้

  • Integer (int)ใช้สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลประเภทตัวเลขจำนวนเต็ม

  • Character (char) ใช้สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลประเภทตัวอักษร

  • Boolean (bool) ใช้สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลเพียงสองค่าคือ true และ false

  • Floating point (float)ใช้สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลประเภทตัวเลขทศนิยม

  • Double Floating Point ใช้สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลประเภทตัวเลขทศนิยม โดยมีพื้นที่การเก็บมากกว่าตัวแปร float สองเท่า

  • Valueless (Void) ใช้สำหรับค่าว่างเปล่า

  • Wide Character ช้สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลประเภทตัวอักษร unicode

Data type modifiers

เราสามารถใช้คำสั่งด้านล่างนี้ในการกำหนดเพิ่มลดขนาด(Size)และกำหนดช่วงข้อมูล(Range) ในพื้นที่หน่วยความจำและการรับข้อมูลสำหรับเก็บค่าตัวแปร

  • Signed ใช้สำหรับกำหนดช่วงข้อมูลของตัวแปรให้สามารถรับค่าช่วงข้อมูลตัวเลขที่เป็นจำนวนลบได้

  • Unsigned ใช้สำหรับกำหนดช่วงข้อมูลของตัวแปรให้สามารถรับค่าช่วงข้อมูลที่ 0 ขึ้นไป จะไม่สามารถรับข้อมูลตัวเลขที่เป็นจำนวนลบได้

  • Short ใช้สำหรับกำหนดขนาดตัวแปร int ให้ใช้พื้นที่ลดลงเหลือ 4 bytesเป็น 2 bytes เหมาะกับข้อมูลตัวเลขที่ไม่เยอะมาก

  • long ใช้สำหรับกำหนดขนาดตัวแปร int ให้ใช้พื้นที่เพิ่มขึ้นจาก 4 bytes เป็น 8 bytes เหมาะกับข้อมูลตัวเลขที่ไม่เยอะมาก

Data Type

Size (in bytes)

Range

short int

2

-32,768 to 32,767

unsigned short int

2

0 to 65,535

unsigned int

4

0 to 4,294,967,295

int

4

-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

long int

8

-9.223372e+18 to 9.223372e+18

unsigned long int

8

0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615

long long int

8

-9.223372e+18 to 9.223372e+18

unsigned long long int

8

0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615

signed char

1

-128 to 127

unsigned char

1

0 to 255

float

4

1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38

double

8

2.3E-308 to 1.7E+308

void

-

-

wchar_t

2 or 4

1 wide character

สร้าง file.cpp ชื่อว่า sizeData.cpp แล้วคัดลอก code ด้านล่างลงไฟล์ที่สร้าง

// C++ program to sizes of data types
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
        cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) 
        << " byte" << endl;
        cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int)
        << " bytes" << endl;
        cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) 
        << " bytes" << endl;
        cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) 
        << " bytes" << endl;
        cout << "Size of signed long int : " << sizeof(signed long int)
        << " bytes" << endl;
        cout << "Size of unsigned long int : " << sizeof(unsigned long int) 
        << " bytes" << endl;
        cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) 
        << " bytes" <<endl;
        cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) 
        << " bytes" << endl;
        cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) 
        << " bytes" <<endl;
        
        return 0;
}

ทดลอง complier และ run โปรแกรม

Output :

Size of char : 1 byte
Size of int : 4 bytes
Size of short int : 2 bytes
Size of long int : 8 bytes
Size of signed long int : 8 bytes
Size of unsigned long int : 8 bytes
Size of float : 4 bytes
Size of double : 8 bytes
Size of wchar_t : 4 bytes

คำสั่ง sizeof() ใช้สำหรับตรวจสอบขนาดพื้นที่หน่วยความจำที่ตัวแปรใช้ มีหน่วยเป็น Byte

ตัวอย่าง ความแตกต่างของข้อมูล unsigned int and int


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
 int A = -1;
 unsigned int  AA = 1;
  cout<< " Size of char A :" << sizeof(A)<< "byte" <<  endl;
  cout<< " Size of char A :" << sizeof(AA)<< "byte" <<  endl;
  cout<< "A =  "<<A<<  endl;
  cout<< "AA =  "<<AA<<  endl;
  cout<< "A-A = "<<A-A<<  endl;
  cout<< "A-AA = " << A-AA<< endl;

    return 0;
}

ทดลอง complier และ run โปรแกรม

Size of char A :4byte
Size of char A :4byte
A =  -1
AA =  1
A-A = 0
A-AA = 4294967294 // max range of unsign 4 byte is 4294967295

สร้าง file.cpp ชื่อว่า rangeData.cpp แล้วคัดลอก code ด้านล่างลงไฟล์ที่สร้าง

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    cout<<"Limits of Data types:\n";

    cout<<"unsigned char        : "<<static_cast<int>(numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min())<<"to "<<static_cast<int>(numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max())<<endl;
    cout<<"char                 : "<<static_cast<int>(numeric_limits<char>::min())<<"to "<<static_cast<int>(numeric_limits<char>::max())<<endl;
    cout<<"short                : "<<numeric_limits<short>::min()<<"to "<<numeric_limits<short>::max()<<endl;
    return 0;

}

ทดลอง complier และ run โปรแกรม

Output:

Limits of Data types:
unsigned char        : 0to 255
char                    : -128to 127
short           : -32768to 32767

แหล่งอ้างอิง

PreviousCommand line arguments in C and C++NextVariable and Operator

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