Advance Innovation Centre
  • AIC Knowledge @ EEC for All
  • 😎Logical Thinking
    • Karel Robot
    • Code to Flowchart
    • Play with Docker
    • CNX Software
  • MCU & Interfacing with Infineon PSOCâ„Ē
    • Basic MCU Interfacing
      • Introduction to CY8CKIT-062S2-43012 Pioneer Kit
      • Development Environment Preparation
      • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 Peripherals Interfacing (GPIO)
        • Hello World and LED Blinking
        • GPIO Principles
        • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 GPIO-HAL LED Blink Lab
        • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 GPIO-PDL LED Blink Lab
        • Button "Bounce" Principles
          • Push/Pull Button to Turn ON/OFF LED via HAL
          • Push/Pull Button to Turn ON/OFF LED via PDL
          • GPIO Button Interrupt via HAL
          • GPIO Button Interrupt via PDL
        • GPIO variables & functions
      • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 Peripherals Interfacing (ADC, PWM)
        • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 SAR ADC
          • ADC Principles
          • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 with ADC Labs
            • Reading potentiometer sensor value via an ADC HAL
            • Reading potentiometer sensor value via an ADC PDL
        • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 PWM & TCPWM
          • PWM Principles
          • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 for PMW Function Labs
            • LED Brightness using PWM via HAL
            • LED Brightness using PWM via PDL
    • Sensor Interfacing and HMI
      • OLED Display
        • OLED Display Principles
        • Calling BDH’s OLED functions
        • Display ADC via Potentiometer on OLED
      • BDH Shell
        • Shell Principles
        • LED Blinking and CAPSENSE via BDH Shell
        • Adding "History" command
        • Adding "Reboot" command
        • CAPSENSE Button and Slider
          • CAPSENSE Button and Slider with Capsense Tuner
          • CAPSENSE Button and Slider using FreeRTOS
    • Serial Communication & Visualization
      • UART, I2C, SPI Communication via Infineon PSoCâ„Ē6
      • BMX160 Sensor Communication via Infineon PSoCâ„Ē6
        • Reading ADC via HAL with Potentiometer and Displaying GUI on Serial Studio
        • Reading XENSIV-DPS-3XX Pressure Sensor and Displaying GUI on Serial Studio
        • Motion Sensors GUI Integration via Serial Studio
    • IoT Connectivity & Data Analytics via Node-Red
      • Node-Red Installation
      • Setting MQTTS to MQTT Broker
      • Sending PSoC6’s sensor to MQTT (node-red)
    • Edge AI on PSoCâ„Ē
      • Machine Learning on PSoCâ„Ē6 via Edge-Impulse
    • Infineon PSoCâ„Ē Troubleshooting
  • IoT Development with Infineon PSOCâ„Ē & BDH Platform
    • PSoCâ„Ē IoT Development Kit
      • Introduction to CY8CKIT-062S2-43012 Pioneer Kit
      • Development Environment Preparation
        • Hello World and LED Blinking
    • IoT Connectivity
      • Node-Red Installation
      • Controlling PSoCâ„Ē LED using MQTT
      • Setting MQTTS to MQTT Broker
      • Sending PSoC6’s sensor to MQTT (node-red)
    • BDH IoT Connectivity
    • WireLinXâ„Ē IoT PLC
    • BDH X-Brain Data Analytics
      • PSoC6 Data Collection to CSV log file
    • Data Visualization
      • āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ Dashboard āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ Looker Studio
  • ðŸ–ĨïļOperation Systems
    • Prerequisites
      • Guideline from Ubuntu
        • Ubuntu and VSCode on WSL2
      • āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ WSL 2
      • Run Ubuntu on VirtualBox7
    • Zero to Linux Hero
      • Computer OS Architecture
      • Anatomy of Linux System
        • UNIX/Linux History
        • UNIX/Linux Evolution
        • GNU Project
        • Linux OS Architecture
        • Command Line Interface (CLI)
          • Basic Commands
          • 😎Level up your Linux Shell
          • File & Dir. Commands
          • Searching Commands
          • 😎ChatGPT-based Terminal
          • SysAdmin Commands
          • Network Commands
          • Hacker Commands
        • Busybox
        • Shell Script
          • Awk Script
          • Bash Shell Script
            • Bash Snippets
            • Bash Useful Examples
      • Anatomy of Linux Kernel
        • Linux Kernel Principles
        • Linux Environment for Developer
      • Anatomy of Embedded Linux
        • Embedded Linux
        • Host & Target
        • Cross Toolchains
        • Bootloader
        • Building Embedded Linux
    • Linux OS Dev. Engineer
      • Process Management
        • Process Basic
        • Process State
        • Basic Process Mgmt. Commands
        • Advance Process Mgmt. Commands
        • Process API Programming
      • IPC
        • IPC Anatomy
        • Signal Programming
        • Pipe Programming
        • FIFO Programming
        • Msg. Queue Programming
          • System V
        • Share Memory Programming
          • System V
        • Socket Programming
      • POSIX Threads
        • Multi-tasking Basic
        • POSIX Thread Anatomy
        • Threading Programming
      • Applied IPC
        • Remote Commander
        • Multi-Remote Commanders
      • Process Synchronization
        • Mutex Programming
        • Semaphore Programming
      • Applied IPC with Semaphore
  • ⌚Embedded Systems Development
    • Introduction to ESD
      • Why's ESD?
      • What it use for?
      • How it works?
    • Enbedded System Development via PSoC6
      • Basic MCU Interfacing
        • Introduction to CY8CKIT-062S2-43012 Pioneer Kit
        • Development Environment Preparation
        • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 Peripherals Interfacing (GPIO)
          • Hello World and LED Blinking
          • GPIO Principles
          • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 GPIO-HAL LED Blink Lab
          • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 GPIO-PDL LED Blink Lab
          • Button "Bounce" Principles
            • Push/Pull Button to Turn ON/OFF LED via HAL
            • Push/Pull Button to Turn ON/OFF LED via PDL
            • GPIO Button Interrupt via HAL
            • GPIO Button Interrupt via PDL
          • GPIO variables & functions
        • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 Peripherals Interfacing (ADC, PWM)
          • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 SAR ADC
            • ADC Principles
            • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 with ADC Labs
              • Reading potentiometer sensor value via an ADC HAL
              • Reading potentiometer sensor value via an ADC PDL
          • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 PWM & TCPWM
            • PWM Principles
            • PSoCâ„Ē 6S2 for PMW Function Labs
              • LED Brightness using PWM via HAL
              • LED Brightness using PWM via PDL
      • Sensor Interfacing and HMI
        • OLED Display
          • OLED Display Principles
          • Calling BDH’s OLED functions
          • Display ADC via Potentiometer on OLED
        • BDH Shell
          • Shell Principles
          • LED Blinking and CAPSENSE via BDH Shell
          • Adding "History" command
          • Adding "Reboot" command
          • CAPSENSE Button and Slider
            • CAPSENSE Button and Slider with Capsense Tuner
            • CAPSENSE Button and Slider using FreeRTOS
      • Serial Communication & Visualization
        • UART, I2C, SPI Communication via Infineon PSoCâ„Ē6
        • BMX160 Sensor Communication via Infineon PSoCâ„Ē6
          • Reading ADC via HAL with Potentiometer and Displaying GUI on Serial Studio
          • Reading XENSIV-DPS-3XX Pressure Sensor and Displaying GUI on Serial Studio
          • Motion Sensors GUI Integration via Serial Studio
    • Edge Computing and IoT Connectivity
    • Cloud-Based Data Analytics and Digital Twin
    • Edge Vision AI
    • Resources
      • Basic Hardware and Firmware
        • Environment Preparation
          • āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ Arduino IDE
            • āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™ Arduino IDE
          • āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ§āļąāļ” NI MyDAQ
            • āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Digital Multimeter -NI ELVISmx
            • āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰ Oscilloscope-NI ELVISmx
          • āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ KingstVIS
        • Basic measurement
          • Basic Digital and Analog I/O
            • LAB: Basic Digital Input/Output
            • LAB: Basic Analog Input/Output
          • Waveform
            • LAB: Oscilloscope
            • LAB: Oscilloscope and Function Generator
            • LAB: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
              • Homework
        • Interfacing and Communication
          • LAB: UART, RS485, RS232 Protocol
          • LAB: I2C Protocol
            • HOMEWORK
          • LAB: SPI Protocol
      • IoT Connectivity
        • Example: IoT with MQTT on Node-red
        • Data logger
        • LAB: Data Visualization
  • 🛠ïļC/C++ for Embedded Programming
    • Development Environment Preparation
      • āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ WSL 2
      • āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ Ubuntu environment
      • āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ Visual Studio Code
      • āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­ Virtual studio code āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļąāļš WSL
      • āļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ docker on WSL
    • Principle C/C++ Programming
      • Get started with C++
      • Makefile
        • Makefile Examples
      • Compiling and running
        • How to create a program that you can enter inputs.
          • Lab 1 Exercise
      • Arguments
        • Command line arguments in C and C++
      • signed and unsigned data types
      • Variable and Operator
      • If and If else
      • Loop, Infinite loop, and flag
        • Loop and Flag exercise
      • Array
        • Get to know with arrays
        • Implement example
      • Vector
    • Object Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++
      • Class and Object
      • Encapsulation and Abstraction
      • Polymorphism and Inheritance
    • C/C++ Preprocessing
      • Macro
        • Quiz Macro
      • File Inclusion
      • Conditional Compilation
      • Pragma directive
        • Quiz Pragma
    • String in C++
      • Concatenation
      • Split
    • Type conversions for C/C++
      • Conversion using Cast operator
    • Error handling
    • Data logger
      • āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒ
      • āļāļēāļĢāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒ
      • āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļāļąāļšTime stamp
    • High performance programing
      • Multi-task and Multi-thread
        • Multi-threading example
      • Mutex
      • Queue
      • OpenCV
    • C/C++ Techniques
      • Makefile in action
      • Object Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++
        • Class and Object
        • Encapsulation and Abstraction
        • Polymorphism and Inheritance
      • C/C++ Preprocessing
        • Macro
          • Quiz Macro
        • File Inclusion
        • Conditional Compilation
        • Pragma directive
          • Quiz Pragma
      • Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers
      • Array and properties of an array
        • Get to know with arrays
        • Implement example
      • What's next?
  • ðŸĪ–Artificial Intelligence (AI)
    • VAMStack Design House, BUU
    • Data Analytics
      • Data cleansing
      • Data analytics
      • Data analytic exercise
    • Machine Learning
      • Neural Network Layers
      • Machine learning type
      • Dataset
      • Using Edge Impulse for AI Model
    • Basic Image Processing
      • Computer Vision using Python Language
        • Installation
        • Computer Vision Basics
          • Pixel and Color
          • Draw image
          • Basic Image processing
          • Morphology Transformations
          • Gaussian blur
          • Simple Thresholding
          • Contour
          • Canny edge detection
        • Case Study
          • Coin counting
          • Color detection & tracking
        • VAM_CV SDK
  • ⚙ïļFPGA Design and Development
    • Verilog HDL via Vivado IDE
      • LAB1: Setting Environment and Create Project
        • Create Vivado Project
      • LAB2: Hardware Description Language Work Flow
        • Simulation code
      • LAB3: Design HDL Project
        • Top Level Design
        • Top-level Simulation
      • LAB4: Asynchronous VS Synchronous Circuit
        • Simulation Synchronous counter
    • C/C++ Programming on Ultra96v2 FPGA Board
      • Application C/C++ on Ultra96v2 Part 1
        • Design Overview
        • Step 1 - Burn the image to SD card
        • Step 2 - Bring up Ultra96v2
        • Step 3 - Installing the Vitis-AI runtime packages
      • Application C/C++ on Ultra96v2 Part 2
        • STEP 1 : Setting auto boot Wifi
        • STEP 2 : How to working on Embedded
        • STEP 3 : How to run the test code
  • ðŸĪ–Robotics
    • Dobot Magician
      • Instruction of Dobot
      • Software Download
      • Basically of Program
        • Teaching and Playback
        • Write and Draw
        • LaserEngraving
        • 3D Printer
    • Robotino
      • Software Download
        • Robotino View
        • Robotino SIM
      • Charging
      • Connecting
      • Follow Line example
        • Basic block in Follow Line
    • RaspBlock
      • Get Started with Raspblock
  • ðŸšĐSpecial Topics
    • Node-Red
      • Set up Raspberry Pi
      • Install node red in Raspberry Pi
      • Get started with Node Red
        • Open node-red
        • Turn off node red
        • Install Dashboard on Node-red
        • Use node red to show message
        • Using Ultrasonic sensor with node-red
    • IoT Cloud
      • Overview
        • How do they work?
          • Basic Knowlege
      • Installations
        • Install Docker
        • Install Mosquitto Broker
        • Install InfluxDB
        • Install Telegraf
        • Install Grafana
      • Get Sensor Value and Send to MQTT
        • Connect ESP3266 to sensor
        • Connect ESP3266 to MQTT
      • Integration
    • Senses IoT
      • SENSES IoT Platform
      • LAB8: MCU send data to IoT platform
    • CrowPi Dev Kit
      • Raspberry Pi with CrowPi
      • Remote to Raspberry Pi
      • Cross-Compile
        • Lab 1: Programming and cross complier
      • Hardware and Interfaces Usage CLI
        • LAB: Usage GPIO via CLI
        • LAB: Scan I2C bus via CLI
      • Python library for Crow Pi
      • wiringPi library (C) for CrowPi
        • Lab2: Crowpi and sensors
    • LVGL Development
      • LVGL - Light and Versatile Embedded Graphics Library
        • Setting program for LVGL Simulator
        • Get started with LVGL simulator
        • Example Library of LVGL
        • Create your own screen
          • Exercise
        • Style
          • Exercise
        • Event
    • Docker OS
      • Docker OS Part 1
        • Part 1 : Installation
        • Part 2 : Basic Docker OS and Linux CLI
      • Docker OS Part 2
        • Part 1 : Docker communication
        • Part 2 : Docker compose
      • Application Gstreamer on devcontainer
        • STEP 1 : Setting gstreamer environment
        • STEP 2 : Create the Gstreamer element on template
        • STEP 3 : Testing and application on your gst element
  • ðŸĪŸRecommended by AIC
    • Skill Roadmap
      • Embedded Engineer
      • Developer
    • Hardware Programming
    • Embedded Programming
    • General-propose Programming
    • Algorithmica
    • Thai Expert Knowledge
    • RT-Thread University Program
      • Infineon PSoC6
      • Kernel
        • Kernel Basics
        • Thread Management
        • Clock Management
        • Inter-thread synchronization
        • Inter-thread communication
        • Memory Management
        • Interrupt Management
        • Kernel porting
        • Atomic Operations
        • RT-Thread SMP
        • Kernel API Changelog
      • Tools
      • Devices & Drivers
        • SENSOR Devices
        • Touch Equipment
        • CRYPTO Devices
        • AUDIO Devices
        • Pulse Encoder Devices
      • Components
        • C Library (libc)
        • ISO/ANSI C Standard
        • POSIX Standard
          • FILE (File IO)
          • Pthread
          • Timer
          • IPC Semaphore
          • IPC Message Queues
          • Dynamic Modules
        • Network Components
          • FinSH Console
          • FAL: Flash Abstraction Layer
          • Virtual File System
          • tmpfs: temporary file system
          • ulog log
          • utest testing framework
          • Power Management
          • RT-Link
        • Software Packages
          • Internet of Things
            • MQTT-umqtt
            • Telnet
          • Tools
            • SystemView
            • SEGGER_RTT
          • LVGL Manual
            • Touch Screen Driver
      • Demo
        • Infineon Gateway
        • Handwriting Recognition (MNIST)
        • Object Detection (Darknet)
        • ROS using RT-Thread
        • Control the car using RT-Thread
        • LiDAR via RT-Thread
        • Detection via RT-Thread and ROS
        • Sensor Driver Development Guide
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Assoc. Prof. Wiroon Sriborrirux, Founder of Advance Innovation Center (AIC) and Bangsaen Design House (BDH), Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University

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  1. Operation Systems
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āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ GNU (GNU Project)

āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļĢāļīāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļąāļāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļ M.I.T āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļēāļĒ Richard Matthew Stallman āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ‚āļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē RMS āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ UNIX āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŸāļĢāļĩāļ­āļĩāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ GNU āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ āļ›āļĩ āļ„.āļĻ. 1984 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ (Core OS) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ„āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļĨ (Kernel) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļąāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē HURD āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ C compiler (gcc), make (GNU make), Emacs, C library (glibc), āđāļĨāļ° coreutils (āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡ ls, cp āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™) āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŸāļĢāļĩāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļ”āđāļ—āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ UNIX āđāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ•āļąāļ§ HURD āļāđ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ•āļēāļĄāđāļœāļ™āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ„āļąāļ™ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ Stallman āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ—āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩ (Free Software Foundation) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‹āļ­āļŸāļ—āđŒāđāļ§āļĢāđŒāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļĄāļēāļāđƒāļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰

āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ™āļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ GNU āļ„āļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ MINIX āļĒāđˆāļ­āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļ â€œMinimal UNIX” āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ Microkernel āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ™āļēāļĒ Andrew S. Tanenbaum āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ āļ„.āļĻ. 1987 āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļ­āļ‡āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļē “Operating Systems: Design and Implementation” āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ™āļēāļĒ Albert Woodhull āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰

The GNU Core Utilities

āļāļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ” Linux

āļˆāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĩ āļ„.āļĻ. 1991 āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļēāļ‚āļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ Helsinki āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŸāļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ™āļ”āđŒ āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļēāļĒ Linus Torvalds āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļ•āđŠāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— IBM āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™ Intel 80386 āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŊāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĨāđŠāļ­āļāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ°āļĢāļšāļšāđƒāļ™āļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāđŠāļ›āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ MS-DOS āđāļĨāļ° MINIX āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ­āļĄāļžāļīāļ§āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ› āđ€āļ‚āļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļŸāļĢāļĩ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ UNIX (UNIX-like) āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ—āļ­āļĢāđŒāļĄāļīāļ™āļąāļĨ (Terminal Emulator) āļšāļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ MINIX āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āļ•āļīāļ”āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ€āļ‚āļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ GNU āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ C library, gcc, binutils, fileutils, make, emacs āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Kernel āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļ™ POSIX āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ UNIX āļˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļāđ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļ§āđˆāļē “Freax” āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļŠāļĄāļ„āļģāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļģāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļ„āļģāļ„āļ·āļ­ Free, Freak āđāļĨāļ° X āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ â€œLinux” āļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļ—āļēāļ‡ Linus Torvalds āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒāđ‚āļ„āđ‰āļ”āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļŠāļđāđˆāļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ° āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļąāļ™āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļļāļ‡āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™ MINIX āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ “I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.”

āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļĩāļ™āļļāļāļ‹āđŒ āđƒāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ‚ Linux 0.01 āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĄāļēāļ āļ„āļ·āļ­āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ–āļđāļāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļāļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ Intel 80386 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļˆāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāđ„āļ›āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ 4 āđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļĩāļĒāļ”āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰

  1. linux-0.01.tar.Z - sources to the kernel

  2. bash.Z - compressed bash binary if you want to test it

  3. update.Z - compressed update binary

  4. RELNOTES-0.01

āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļ§āļąāļ•āļīāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļˆāļēāļāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ—āļļāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ—āļīāļĻāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļģāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļ›āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļˆāļ™āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļĩāļ™āļļāļāļ‹āđŒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļˆāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ§āļ™āļēāļĒ Linus Torvalds āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļēāļĒ Andrew Tanenbaum āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ MINIX āļ”āļđāļ–āļđāļāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļĩāļ™āļļāļāļ‹āđŒāļˆāļ°āļĨāđ‰āļēāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļšāļĨāļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ›āļĩ āļ„.āļĻ. 1992 āđāļ•āđˆāđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļīāļŠāļđāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļĩāļ™āļļāļāļ‹āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĒāļ·āļ™āļŦāļĒāļąāļ”āļĄāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļˆāļļāļ”āđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Linux Kernel āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļēāļĒ Linus Torvalds āđāļĨāļ° GNU applications āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļēāļĒ Richard Stallman āļˆāļ™āļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļē GNU/Linux (āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļāļ°-āļ™āļđ-āļŠāđāļĨāļŠ-āļĨāļĩāļ™āļļāļāļ‹āđŒ) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĒ Linus Torvalds āļāđ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢ (Supervisor) āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē Linux Kernel āđāļĨāļ°āļ”āļđāđāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ Linux Foundation āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›

ðŸ–Ĩïļ
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01
arch
base64
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Linus Benedict Torvalds's Announcement on Aug 26, 1991
āļ§āļīāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡ 20 āļ›āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļĩāļ™āļļāļāļ‹āđŒ